Coinsilium Group Limited: ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

COINSILIUM GROUP LIMITED

(“Coinsilium” or the “Company”)

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2025

22 June 2026  - Coinsilium Group Limited (AQSE: COIN | OTCQB: CINGF) the Aquis-quoted digital asset growth and venture builder, is pleased to announce its Final Results for the year ended 31 December 2025.

Financial and Operational Highlights

• Successfully raised approximately £17.1 million (gross) during the year through a series of placings, significantly strengthening the Group’s balance sheet.

• Established and implemented the Group’s Bitcoin treasury strategy through wholly owned subsidiary Forza (Gibraltar) Limited.

• Accumulated 182 Bitcoin as at 31 December 2025 as part of the Group’s long-term treasury reserve strategy.

• Net assets increased to £14.6 million at 31 December 2025 (2024: £3.2 million).

• Cash and cash equivalents increased to £1.43 million at 31 December 2025 (2024: £0.29 million).

• Bitcoin and other digital asset holdings with a carrying value of £11.9 million at year end.

• Continued advancement of the Group’s strategic investment portfolio, including developments at Otomato and Yellow Network.

• Post period-end, Yellow Network successfully launched its YELLOW token and trading platform, with Coinsilium holding an allocation of 50 million YELLOW tokens subject to vesting.

• Post period-end, completed a strategic investment in Predictive Labs, establishing exposure to the rapidly emerging prediction markets and AI-driven intelligence sector.

• Refined the Group’s strategic focus towards high-growth opportunities in the agentic AI economy, prediction markets and digital asset infrastructure.

• The Group remains well capitalised and positioned to pursue its venture-building, advisory and investment activities across the digital asset and frontier technology sectors.

2025 has been a year of significant progress for Coinsilium. We have strengthened our financial foundation, enhanced our capabilities, and materially increased our capacity to execute across the core areas of our business, supported by the establishment of our Bitcoin treasury. 

The Company is now actively engaged across a number of emerging areas of frontier technology, including prediction markets, the agentic AI economy, and the continued advancement of key portfolio initiatives such as Yellow Network, alongside the further expansion of our advisory and acceleration activities. These developments, taken together, position the Company for what we believe will be an active and opportunity-rich period ahead. 

We therefore look forward to a continued flow of developments over the coming period and to updating shareholders as appropriate. 

On behalf of the Board, I would like to thank our shareholders for their continued support, and our team for their commitment and hard work throughout the year. 

Eddy Travia

Chief Executive Officer

The Directors of Coinsilium Group Limited accept responsibility for the contents of this announcement.

Important Notice

Coinsilium Group Limited (“Coinsilium” or “the Company”) holds part of its reserves in Bitcoin through its wholly owned Gibraltar-based subsidiary, Forza (Gibraltar) Limited (“Forza”), which is responsible for managing the Company’s Bitcoin treasury.

The Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) regards digital assets such as Bitcoin as high-risk and speculative, with potential for extreme price volatility. An investment in Coinsilium Group Limited is not an investment in Bitcoin, either directly or by proxy. Coinsilium holds a range of assets, including equity interests in companies operating within and beyond the blockchain sector, and maintains a diversified portfolio of strategic investments across the digital asset space. This structure provides broader exposure beyond Bitcoin. The Company’s exposure to Bitcoin forms part of its broader capital allocation strategy.

Coinsilium is not authorised or regulated by the FCA. While the Board of Directors considers Bitcoin to be an appropriate long-term reserve asset, prospective and existing investors should be aware of the associated risks. There is no certainty that the Company will be able to realise its Bitcoin holdings at expected valuations, and the financial performance of the Company may be affected by movements in the price of Bitcoin. As a result of the Company’s exposure to Bitcoin, the market value of Coinsilium shares may also experience significant fluctuations, and the value of investments can go down as well as up.

The decision to allocate capital into Bitcoin, facilitated through the Company’s dedicated treasury management structure, Forza, reflects a strategic view of Bitcoin as a long-term reserve asset. This approach is underpinned by over a decade of experience operating in the digital asset sector.

In accordance with the Aquis Framework for Issuers pursuing Cryptocurrency Strategies, the Company is required to draw to shareholders’ attention particular risks relating to cryptoassets. The Company’s exposure to the cryptoasset sector exposes the Company to a number of significant risks, including, but not limited to:

Volatility of the price of Digital Assets, including but not limited to Bitcoin

Digital assets, including but not limited to Bitcoin, are subject to extreme price volatility, with values capable of rising or falling sharply over short periods. This volatility can have a material adverse effect on the company’s financial position and results. Investors should be aware that the value of the Company’s digital asset holdings may fluctuate significantly, leading to substantial losses. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to realise its digital asset holdings at expected valuations.

Regulatory Uncertainty

The regulatory environment for cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, is evolving and remains uncertain in many jurisdictions. Changes in laws or regulations could adversely affect the Company’s ability to hold, trade, or use Bitcoin. There is a risk that future regulatory action could require the Company to divest its Bitcoin holdings or restrict its operations. Non-compliance with applicable regulations could result in penalties or reputational harm.

Security and Custody Risks

The Company’s cryptoasset holdings, including those in Bitcoin, are subject to security risks, including cyberattacks, hacking, and theft. Despite using third-party, institutional-grade custodians, there is no absolute guarantee against loss or misappropriation. Any security breach could result in the partial or total loss of the Company’s cryptoassets. The Company may have limited recourse to recover lost or stolen assets.

Liquidity Constraints

Cryptoasset markets, including Bitcoin, may experience periods of illiquidity, which could impact the Company’s ability to sell its holdings quickly or at favourable prices. Market disruptions, technological failures, or a lack of counterparties may further constrain liquidity. In such scenarios, the company may be forced to accept lower prices or delay transactions. This could adversely affect the Company’s financial performance.

Reputational Risks

The association with the cryptoasset sector, including Bitcoin, may expose the Company to reputational risks. Negative perceptions arising from links to illicit activity, cybercrime, or regulatory scrutiny could impact stakeholder confidence. Adverse media coverage or public opinion may affect the company’s relationships with investors, customers, or partners. Reputational damage could have long-term consequences for the business.

Market Acceptance and Adoption

The value and utility of cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, depends on its continued acceptance by users, merchants, and investors and its perception as a store of value. Any decline in adoption or negative trends in public perception could reduce demand and depress prices. Technological changes or superior alternatives could also undermine bitcoin’s position. The Company’s exposure to cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, may therefore become less valuable or obsolete.

Counterparty Risk

The Company relies on third-party custodians and service providers to safeguard its cryptoassets. There is a risk that such counterparties may fail, become insolvent, or act negligently. In such cases, the Company could suffer financial loss or face difficulties in accessing its assets. The effectiveness of risk mitigation depends on the reliability and integrity of these third parties.

Legal and Tax Risks

The legal and tax treatment of cryptoassets is complex and subject to change. Uncertainty regarding classification, reporting obligations, or tax liabilities could result in unforeseen costs or compliance issues. The Company may need to adapt to new legal interpretations or regulatory guidance. Failure to comply with applicable laws could result in penalties or operational restrictions.

Technology and Operational Risks

Cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, rely on complex technological infrastructure, including blockchain networks and cryptographic protocols. System failures, software bugs, or protocol changes could disrupt the company’s ability to access or transfer its holdings. Operational risks also include human error and inadequate internal controls. Such risks may lead to financial loss or operational disruption.

Environmental and ESG Risks

Cryptoasset mining and transaction processing are energy-intensive and have raised environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) concerns. Negative perceptions around environmental impact could affect the company’s ESG ratings or investor appetite. Regulatory measures targeting environmental sustainability could restrict or penalise cryptoasset-related activities. The Company may face increased scrutiny from stakeholders on its ESG performance.

Concentration Risk

A significant portion of the Company’s assets may be concentrated in cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, exposing it to heightened risk from adverse market movements. Lack of diversification increases vulnerability to price shocks or sector-specific developments. Concentration risk may also amplify the impact of regulatory or technological changes. Investors should consider the implications of such exposure.

Risk of Forks and Protocol Changes

The underlying protocol governing cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, may be altered through network upgrades or contentious forks. Such changes can result in the creation of new digital assets or disruption to existing holdings. The Company may face operational challenges in managing forks or adapting to protocol changes. There is also the risk of loss or confusion regarding asset ownership.

Cybersecurity Threats

The Company’s cryptoassets are attractive targets for cybercriminals seeking to exploit vulnerabilities. Cybersecurity threats include phishing, malware, ransomware, and denial-of-service attacks. A successful attack could compromise the company’s systems or result in unauthorised transfers. Ongoing investment in cybersecurity measures is necessary to mitigate these risks.

Loss or Destruction of Private Keys

Access to cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, ss controlled by private cryptographic keys, the loss or destruction of which results in permanent loss of the associated assets. Human error, hardware failure, or malicious activity could lead to key loss. The Company must implement robust key management protocols to reduce this risk. Even with precautions, there is no absolute safeguard.

Limited availability of Insurance

Insurance cover for digital assets such as Bitcoin may be limited or unavailable. Even where insurance is in place, it may not cover all potential losses or may be subject to exclusions and limitations. The Company may therefore be exposed to uninsured risks. Investors should be aware that insurance does not eliminate the possibility of loss.

Accounting and Valuation Uncertainty

The accounting treatment and valuation of cryptoassets, including Bitcoin, may be subject to differing interpretations and evolving standards. Changes in accounting policies or guidance could affect the Company’s financial statements. Valuation challenges may arise due to price volatility or lack of observable market data, particularly for early stage cryptoassets without an established track record or which are not widely held. This could impact reported results and investor understanding.

Risk of Regulatory Enforcement

Authorities may take enforcement action against companies involved in digital assets, including Bitcoin. Such actions could include fines, sanctions, or restrictions on operations. The Company may incur significant costs in responding to investigations or defending its position. Regulatory enforcement could have a material adverse effect on the business.

Cross-Border Risks

Cryptoasset transactions are global and may expose the company to cross-border legal, regulatory, or tax risks. Differences in jurisdictional approaches could result in conflicting obligations or increased compliance burdens. The Company may face challenges in navigating international regulatory frameworks. Cross-border risks may also affect the ability to transfer or realise assets.

Risk of Market Manipulation

Cryptoassets and the markets on which they are traded are susceptible to manipulation due to its relative lack of oversight and transparency. Market participants may engage in practices such as spoofing, wash trading, or pump-and-dump schemes. Such activities can distort prices and adversely affect the Company’s holdings. Regulatory intervention may not always prevent or remedy market abuse.

Lack of Recourse and Consumer Protections

Unlike traditional financial assets, cryptoasset holdings, including Bitcoin, may not benefit from statutory recourse or consumer protection schemes. In the event of loss, theft, or fraud, investors may have limited or no avenues for recovery. The Company’s exposure to Bitcoin is therefore inherently riskier than holding regulated financial instruments. Investors must consider the implications of this lack of protection.

Prospective investors are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and carefully consider these risks before making any investment decision. Nothing herein amounts to a recommendation to invest in the Company or to investment, taxation or legal advice.

COINSILIUM GROUP LIMITED STATEMENT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

It is with pleasure that I present the Annual Report of Coinsilium Group Limited for the year ended 31 December 2025. 

The year under review has been one of the most significant and transformative periods in the Company’s history. It has been characterised by decisive strategic evolution, substantial capital formation, and the establishment of a financial foundation that we believe positions the Group strongly for the years ahead. 

A Transformational Year and New Strategic Focus  

During the year, the Company adopted its Bitcoin treasury policy, repurposing a previously dormant Group entity into a dedicated special purpose vehicle for treasury holdings. This entity, Forza (Gibraltar) Limited, now sits at the centre of the Company’s capital management strategy and represents a key structural enhancement to the Group’s long-term positioning. 

The adoption of this policy coincided with a notable shift in broader market sentiment, with increasing investor support for companies pursuing Bitcoin treasury strategies. Against this backdrop, Coinsilium successfully raised approximately £17 million between May and August 2025, materially strengthening its balance sheet and enabling the rapid development of its treasury position.  

This level of capital formation exceeds the aggregate amount raised by the Company since its IPO and facilitated the accumulation of 182 Bitcoin into treasury, held through Forza. This represents a step-change in the Company’s financial capacity and strategic flexibility. 

Importantly, while the majority of this fundraising was conducted through institutional placings, we were equally pleased to facilitate meaningful participation from our retail shareholder base through the Winterflood Retail Access Platform (“WRAP”). This mechanism has enabled our longstanding shareholders to participate on equivalent terms to new institutional investors, and the significant oversubscription of these offerings demonstrates the strength and continued support of our investor base. 

As the year progressed, the Company also undertook a Board restructuring aligned with its strengthened financial position and evolving strategic direction. This included the transition of Malcolm Palle to Non-Executive Chairman and the appointment of CFO Ben Proffitt to the Board, reflecting the growing importance of financial discipline and governance as the Company scales.  

Strengthened Financial Position and Strengthened Foundations for Growth 

As the rapid expansion phase of equity-funded Bitcoin accumulation strategies gives way to a more mature and selective capital market environment, our position as an early adopter has enabled us to establish a treasury base of a scale we have not previously achieved This strengthened balance sheet provides the Group with a level of resilience and optionality that materially broadens its strategic flexibility, enabling the Company to further develop and scale its core activities across digital assets, emerging financial technologies and growth initiatives in frontier technology. The Group is now supported by a substantially stronger balance sheet and long-term treasury reserves, providing a more robust foundation from which to pursue its long-term objectives. The strategic role of these treasury reserves remains a long-term focus for the Company. Short- to medium-term market volatility is an expected feature of Bitcoin and does not detract from their underlying purpose. These reserves are intended to underpin the Group's operations and investment activities over a multi-year horizon, providing funding flexibility and reducing reliance on recurring equity issuance. 

It is important to emphasise that, whilst our Bitcoin holdings form an important part of the Group's balance sheet, they represent only one element of the Company's broader value proposition. Coinsilium remains focused on building long-term shareholder value through its operating activities, strategic investments and participation in the wider digital markets ecosystem, with its treasury reserves supporting that objective.

Our Operating Model: Venture Building, Advisory and Acceleration 

Alongside these developments, it is important to highlight the nature of Coinsilium’s operating model, which has continued to evolve over recent years. 

The Company operates as a venture builder and strategic partner working at the intersection of blockchain, digital assets, decentralised finance and emerging sectors such as agentic AI and prediction markets. Our approach integrates selective capital deployment with active operational involvement in the ventures we support.  

We work closely with founders and early-stage companies to help define strategy, structure opportunities and accelerate development. This includes ecosystem positioning, frontier technology and token strategy, partnership development, governance frameworks and access to capital markets. Through this model, we combine capital with expertise and industry relationships to support the transition from concept through to scalable enterprise. 

In parallel, the Company operates a structured operational layer centred on advisory services, accelerator programmes and ecosystem coordination. These activities bring together founders, investors, infrastructure providers and commercial partners within a coordinated framework designed to support venture development, protocol growth and go-to-market execution.  

This integrated approach enables Coinsilium to participate actively in the development of the ventures with which it engages—supporting not only their financing but also their strategic direction, commercialisation and growth. It is this combination of capital, operational capability and network access that underpins our approach to long-term value creation. 

Strategic Focus and Sector Positioning 

The strengthening of the balance sheet has enabled a further refinement of our strategic focus, with the Company increasingly directing its attention toward high-growth areas of frontier technology. Over the short to medium term, the Company intends to prioritise opportunities within the agentic AI economy and prediction markets, while continuing to assess other emerging sectors as they develop. 

These include decentralised financial infrastructure, trading and liquidity networks, and the convergence of blockchain with artificial intelligence and data-driven systems. The emerging field of prediction markets represents a particularly compelling opportunity in this regard, reflecting the growing demand for real-time, market-based intelligence and event-driven financial data. 

This strategic positioning reflects both the maturation of the sector and our ability to leverage our experience, network and operational capabilities in areas where we can contribute most effectively. 

Key Portfolio Developments 

Otomato 

During the year, we saw a significant development in our investment in Otomato. Originally structured as a Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT), this investment was restructured into an equity interest in the project development entity Dyment Labs, alongside a token warrant preserving our exposure to the future protocol.  

This restructuring reflects a broader evolution in the digital asset sector, where early-stage token-based models are increasingly complemented by more structured equity frameworks aligned with long-term development. 

The USD 2 million strategic investment secured by Otomato from Improbable, a leading UK deep-tech investor provides important validation of the project’s technology and positioning. With this capital in place, the focus has shifted toward product development, ecosystem integration and adoption. 

Otomato’s focus on automation infrastructure, including AI-driven DeFi agents and integration within the rapidly growing Hyperliquid infrastructure layer, positions it at the forefront of emerging trends in decentralised finance. 

Yellow Network 

Following the reporting period, the successful launch of the Yellow Network token and trading platform in March 2026 marked a key milestone in the development of this long-standing investment.  

The transition from development into live network operation represents a significant inflection point. Coinsilium’s allocation of 50 million YELLOW tokens, vesting over time, provides meaningful exposure to the continued growth of the ecosystem.  

While early-stage trading conditions are naturally characterised by price discovery and evolving liquidity, we are encouraged by the level of developer engagement and the continued build-out of the ecosystem. We also see potential for further collaboration with the Yellow team, particularly in areas aligned with our venture-building capabilities. 

Predictive Labs 

A further important development has been our post-period investment in Predictive Labs Pte. Ltd., marking our entry into the prediction markets and event-driven finance sector. 

This investment reflects our conviction that prediction markets—particularly when combined with AI-driven analysis—will form an increasingly important layer of financial and decision-making infrastructure.  

Predictive Labs is building data intelligence infrastructure designed to aggregate and structure fragmented market signals into actionable insights for both human and agentic systems. Its positioning at the intersection of blockchain, data and agentic AI aligns closely with our broader strategic focus. 

The investment structure provides us with the ability to increase our participation as the business develops, reflecting our disciplined approach to scaling exposure alongside demonstrated progress. 

Greengage 

We were also pleased to note the announcement by portfolio company Greengage & Co Ltd of its intention to seek admission to the Aquis Stock Exchange Growth Market.  

This could represent an important milestone in Greengage’s development and, if successfully completed, may constitute a future value event for the Company’s equity interest. 

Whilst admission may take place during 2026, the timing remains uncertain and will depend on market conditions, regulatory processes and the satisfaction of any applicable admission requirements.  We remain encouraged by the strategic direction of the business and its positioning within digital banking and crypto-enabled financial infrastructure, and we look forward to further updates as the process progresses. 

Outlook 

Bitcoin 

Looking ahead, we remain constructive on the long-term outlook for Bitcoin and recognise its continued evolution as a globally relevant digital asset. However, our assessment is that Bitcoin is entering a more mature phase, shaped by a combination of factors including increased institutional participation, deeper market infrastructure and the growing role of stablecoins in transactional use cases. 

While earlier cycles were characterised in part by narratives of exponential adoption and rapid price appreciation, current market dynamics suggest a more measured trajectory is now emerging. In particular, the increasing use of stablecoins for payments and on-chain liquidity has contributed to a clearer functional distinction, with Bitcoin more firmly positioned as long-duration reserve asset. We believe that this evolution, alongside structural developments in market depth and participation, is likely to result in a different return profile to that observed historically. 

Taken together, these factors support the view that Bitcoin is maturing as an asset class. While this does not diminish its long-term potential, it does introduce the risk that prior patterns of exponential growth may not persist in the same form or frequency. The Company considers this an important context when assessing capital allocation decisions and long-term strategy. 

Against this backdrop, the Company continues to view Bitcoin as a strategic treasury asset that enhances balance sheet strength and provides long-term optionality. However, Bitcoin holdings represent only one element of the Group's broader business and capital allocation strategy. Whilst the value of those holdings will naturally fluctuate with market conditions, the Company's operating activities and strategic investments provide additional avenues for growth and development. This differentiates the Group from business models predominantly centred on holding Bitcoin alongside ongoing corporate cost structures, which may exhibit greater sensitivity to changing market conditions as the asset class continues to mature.

In this context, the Company seeks to maintain exposure to Bitcoin's long-term potential while avoiding overdependence on any single driver of value. This balanced approach reflects both the Company's long-term perspective on Bitcoin as a maturing asset class and its recognition of the evolving market dynamics that continue to shape its role within the broader digital asset ecosystem.

Yellow Network 

Following our initial investment in Yellow Network in April 2022 through a Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (“SAFT”), and our subsequent participation through an additional SAFT, we have maintained a consistent and growing alignment with the project as it has progressed from early-stage development to live network operation. 

The successful launch of the YELLOW token and trading platform, as announced on 9 March 2026, marks a significant milestone and reflects the culmination of several years of development. It is also indicative of the scale of ambition underpinning Yellow Network, which is designed to address fundamental inefficiencies in digital asset market structure, particularly in relation to liquidity fragmentation and connectivity. 

What distinguishes Yellow Network is not only the technical problem it seeks to address, but the scale of its ambition. The project is designed to operate at a level intended to support institutional-grade market infrastructure, with a clear objective of becoming a meaningful component in the future architecture of digital asset trading and settlement. This positions it within a category of projects seeking to redefine how liquidity is accessed and coordinated across markets, rather than operating as a single-venue solution. 

With the network now live, Yellow has entered an initial phase of price discovery. Early trading conditions are consistent with what would be expected at this stage of market development, and while the Company does not comment on short-term price movements, we are most encouraged by the initial performance and the progress made to date. Market data relating to the YELLOW token is publicly available via platforms such as CoinMarketCap. 

We have been particularly encouraged by the quality of execution demonstrated by the Yellow team in delivering against this vision. The transition from concept to live infrastructure, supported by a growing ecosystem of participants, reflects a level of technical capability and operational discipline that is consistent with projects operating at the highest level within the sector. 

Looking ahead, the anticipated introduction of perpetual trading contracts represents an important next step in the development of the platform. This is expected to support increased trading activity and liquidity formation as the network continues to scale. 

As the platform evolves, we believe Yellow Network has the potential to develop into a systemically relevant layer within the digital asset market structure, particularly if it succeeds in achieving meaningful network effects across participants. While still at an early stage, the combination of its architectural approach, market focus and development trajectory underpins our view that it is targeting a position among the more significant infrastructure projects within the sector. 

Beyond trading infrastructure, Yellow’s broader roadmap includes a focus on enabling agentic payments and machine-to-machine financial interactions—an area we believe has the potential to become a significant component of the digital asset sector. Industry trends point toward the increasing role of autonomous systems in financial markets, with infrastructure capable of supporting high-frequency, low-latency interactions expected to play a critical role as this segment develops. 

The Company’s aggregate allocation of 50 million YELLOW tokens, derived from its SAFT investments, represents a meaningful position and reflects our long-term alignment with the success of the network. As previously communicated, we remain mindful of the regulatory and market considerations associated with early-stage token markets and will continue to adopt a measured and disciplined approach to communication. 

Our economic exposure through our token allocation, together with the potential for broader strategic collaboration, provides alignment with this trajectory. This combination of financial and strategic positioning allows the Company to participate not only in the potential appreciation of the network itself, but also in the wider opportunities that may emerge as the Yellow Network project matures. 

We also note the ongoing discussions with the Yellow team regarding potential areas of further collaboration, particularly in relation to supporting projects building on the Yellow SDK and leveraging our venture-building and advisory capabilities. 

Overall, we are most encouraged by the progress achieved to date and remain confident in the long-term potential of Yellow Network. With the initial launch phase now complete, we look forward to supporting its continued development and to providing further updates as additional milestones are delivered. 

AI Agentic Economy 

AI agents are autonomous software systems capable of performing tasks, making decisions and interacting with digital services on behalf of users, businesses or other machines. To act, an agent typically moves through three layers: it must first get informed, drawing on data and market intelligence; then execute, carrying out tasks across on-chain and off-chain systems; and finally settle, completing the underlying transactions and payments. As these systems develop, we expect the emergence of an "agentic economy", in which AI agents increasingly initiate, coordinate and settle activity across digital networks — with each of these layers representing a distinct area of infrastructure and opportunity.

This remains an early-stage sector, but one with potentially significant long-term implications for frontier technology, decentralised finance and machine-to-machine commerce. Market forecasts point to rapid growth: McKinsey estimates that AI-driven automation could influence between US$3 trillion and US$5 trillion of global economic activity by 2030 (https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-next-productivity-frontier). In parallel, industry research suggests that the AI agents market could grow from approximately US$7–8 billion in 2025 to over US$50 billion by 2030 (https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ai-agents-market-251953961.html).

For Coinsilium, this is one of the most compelling opportunities across our portfolio — and one where we already hold investments positioned in each of these three layers. In the inform layer, our investment in Predictive Labs (described further below) is focused on building data intelligence infrastructure that aggregates and structures fragmented market signals into actionable insights for both human and agentic systems.

In the execute layer, our investment in Otomato provides exposure to agent automation: as announced on 22 December 2025, Otomato is developing a Web3 agent protocol that enables users to create autonomous agents capable of managing both on-chain and off-chain tasks without coding expertise, and has identified more than 1,500 real-world applications for its infrastructure, including portfolio-aware assistants, DeFi and AI agents, and social agents capable of triggering on-chain actions (